Understanding Melanoma in the United States: Causes, Symptoms & Early Detection
Melanoma is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer in the United States, yet it’s also one of the most preventable when detected early. With cases steadily rising over the past few decades, awareness and early diagnosis have become more important than ever.
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What Is Melanoma?
Melanoma begins in the melanocytes — the skin cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Unlike other types of skin cancer, melanoma tends to spread rapidly if not treated early, affecting other organs in the body.
While anyone can develop melanoma, certain factors increase the risk, including excessive UV exposure, fair skin, a history of sunburns, and genetic predisposition.
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Key Causes and Risk Factors
Excessive Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is the leading cause of melanoma.
Family History: Having a close relative diagnosed with melanoma increases one’s risk.
Skin Type: People with lighter skin tones, freckles, or light hair are more vulnerable.
Moles: Having many moles or unusual ones (known as dysplastic nevi) may raise the chances of melanoma.
Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immunity are at higher risk.
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Common Symptoms to Watch For
The easiest way to remember the warning signs of melanoma is by using the ABCDE rule:
A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
B – Border: Irregular, blurred, or jagged edges.
C – Color: Varying shades of brown, black, or even red and white.
D – Diameter: Larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser).
E – Evolving: Any change in size, shape, or color over time.
Other signs may include a new spot on the skin that looks different from the rest, a sore that doesn’t heal, or a mole that becomes itchy or painful.
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Early Detection Saves Lives
Early detection is crucial because melanoma is highly treatable in its initial stages. Regular self-examinations and annual skin check-ups with a dermatologist can make a life-saving difference.
In the U.S., public health campaigns emphasize sun protection and skin awareness. Wearing sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, avoiding tanning beds, and seeking shade during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) are strongly recommended.